Swami Krishnananda-The Philosophy of Life, en
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THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE
by
Swami Krishnananda
The Divine Life Society
Sivananda Ashram, Rishikesh, India
(
Internet Edition: For free distribution only
)
Website: www.swami-krishnananda.org
CONTENTS
PUBLISHERS’ NOTE
6
PREFACE
7
PART I - THE FOUNDATIONS OF PHILOSOPHY
10
Chapter I - THE DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY
10
The Fundamental Science
10
The Metaphysics of Reality
13
The Concept of Intuitional Basis
14
Rational Presentation of Experience
15
Classification of Themes
16
Chapter II - THE VALUE OF PHILOSOPHY
19
The Need for a Theory of Life
19
Science and Philosophy
20
Swami Sivananda and Philosophy
22
Chapter III - THE METHOD AND SCOPE OF PHILOSOPHY
24
The Approach to Philosophy
24
Scepticism and Agnosticism
25
Empiricism and Rationalism
26
The Critical Method of Kant
28
The Dialectical Method of Hegel
29
Other Methods
30
Characteristics of the Philosophical Method
31
The Integral Method
32
Chapter IV - THE ATMAN
36
The Indubitability of the Self
36
A Consideration of Different Theories of Self
38
The Nature of the Atman
45
The Atman as Existence
47
The Atman as Consciousness
48
The Atman as Bliss
48
Sat, Chit and Ananda are One
50
Arguments for the Existence of the Atman
51
Anvaya and Vyatireka
56
Chapter V - THE THEORY OF PERCEPTION
59
The Perceptive Apparatus
59
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Perception According to the Sankhya and the Vedanta
61
Consciousness Behind Relation
65
Internal Perception
67
The Nature of Truth
68
Realistic Idealism
69
Theories of Error
71
Satkhyati
73
Akhyati
73
Anyathakhyati
74
Atmakhyati
75
Asatkhyati
76
Anirvachaniyakhyati
77
The Nature of Intuition
78
Intellect and Intuition
80
Chapter VI - THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNIVERSE
83
The World of Science
83
Inadequacy of the Mechanistic Conception of Life
84
Space, Time and Causation
86
The Relativity of Space and Time
90
The Phenomenal Character of Space
91
The Transcendence of Space in the Atman
93
Time is an Appearance
95
Causation: A Law of Necessity
97
The Meaning of Causal Relation
97
Causation and Causality
98
Cause and Effect are Continuous
99
The Significance of the Causal Concept
100
The Evolution of Name and Form
101
The Projection of the Universe
103
Design in the Evolutionary Process
105
Purpose in Nature
107
Chapter VII - THE PHENOMENALITY OF EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE
109
The Non-Difference of the World from its Cause
109
The Meaning of Appearance
110
Empirical and Apparent Reality
112
The Figure of the Cave
113
The Waking World is Like the Dream World
114
The Waking World has Practical Reality
116
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The World is Unreal
118
Chapter VIII - BRAHMAN
122
The Story of the Atom
122
From Physics to Metaphysics
123
Pluralism and Dualism
124
Towards Monotheism
126
The Underlying Essence
127
Impossibility of the Dualist Hypothesis
130
Consciousness is Above Relation
131
Brahman is Existence and Consciousness
133
The World is Inseparable from Consciousness
135
Brahman is Bliss
136
Brahman is Not the Unknowable
138
General Nature of Reality
139
Brahman in the Upanishads
140
Chapter IX - ISVARA OR THE UNIVERSAL SOUL
143
The Existence of God
143
Arguments for the Existence of God
144
The Limitations of Reason
148
The Inner Ruler and Controller
150
Chapter X - THE JIVA
154
The Defining Characteristics
154
The Bodies and the Sheaths
155
States of Consciousness
160
Analysis of Dream
163
Free will and Necessity
169
Life After Death
173
PART II - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME WESTERN PHILOSOPHERS
177
INTRODUCTION
177
Chapter XI - IMMANUEL KANT
179
Chapter XII - GEORGE WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL
188
Chapter XIII - ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER
195
Chapter XIV - FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
200
Chapter XV - WILLIAM JAMES
202
Chapter XVI - HENRI BERGSON
207
Chapter XVII - SAMUEL ALEXANDER
212
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Chapter XVIII - ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD
215
Chapter XIX - THE NEO-HEGELIANS
221
Chapter XX - THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY OF WESTERN THOUGHT
225
Chapter XXI - PHILOSOPHY AND LIFE
232
NOTES
235
The Philosophy of Life by Swami Krishnananda
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